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popular music
The term popular music belongs to any of a number of musical genres "having wide appeal"〔〔 and typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training.〔Popular Music. (2015). ''Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia''〕 It stands in contrast to both Art music and Traditional music. Art music was historically disseminated through the performances of written music, although since the beginning of the recording industry, it is also disseminated through recordings. Traditional music forms such as early blues songs were passed orally, or to smaller, local audiences.〔〔〔 The original application of the term is to music of the 1880s Tin Pan Alley period in the United States.〔 Although popular music sometimes is known as "pop music", the two terms are not interchangeable. Popular music is a generic term for music of all ages that appeals to popular tastes,〔Allen, Robert. "Popular music". ''Pocket Fowler's Modern English Usage''. 2004.〕 whereas pop music usually refers to a specific musical genre within popular music.〔Laurie, Timothy (2014). "Music Genre As Method". ''Cultural Studies Review.'' 20 (2), pp. 283-292.〕 In contrast to Western popular music, a genre of music that is popular outside of a Western nation, is categorized into World music. This label turns otherwise popular styles of music into an exotic and unknown category''.'' Society is attracted to this label because it turns many different genres into one accessible genre.〔 With the implementation the internet to access music, some popular music forms have become global, while others are popular within the culture of origin. Through hybridity, different popular music genres are able to be manufactured to reflect the ideals of a global culture.
==Defining==
Scholars have classified music as popular based on its mode of transmission in non-written form, its appeal to diverse listeners, its treatment as a commodity in a capitalist context, and other factors.〔 Sales of 'recordings' or sheet music are one measure. Middleton and Manuel note that this definition has problems because multiple listens or plays are not counted. Evaluating appeal based on size of audience (mass appeal) or whether audience is of a certain social class is another way to define popular music, but this, too, has problems in that social categories of people cannot be applied accurately to musical styles. Moreover, "understandings of popular music have changed with time".〔
Anahid Kassabian separated popular music into four categories; "popular as populist," or having overtones of liberation and expression; "popular as folk," or stating that the music is written by the people, for themselves; "popular as counterculture," or empowering citizens to act against the oppression they face; and "popular as mass," or the music becomes the tool for oppression. A society's popular music reflects the ideals that they want to be dispersed at the time it is performed or published.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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